ecotourism
effectiveness：Ecotourism involves the responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environmentand improves the well being of the locals.It is normally conducted in small groups.
One example is South Western part of Budongo Forest Reserve. Questionnaires and direct interviews were administered to 60 households and 10 key informants from the parishes of Biiso, Kihungia, Nyantonzi and Nyabyeya. The results show that the majority of the respondents are aware and benefit from the eco-tourism activities at Busingiro eco-tourism site. The benefits are in form of employment opportunities, local tourist guidance, income generation from handcraft and entertainment industry and social corporate financial support to rural development programes. The local community (82%) indicated that the sensitisation process in promoting eco-tourism in Budongo forest reserve has been effective and has reduced the incidences of illegal activities in the forest reserve. The findings of this study have revealed that there is an urgent need to increase local people participation in eco-tourism projects by emphasising education in hotel, tour operation and management skills and provision of training in artisan industry. Private sector investment in eco-tourism should be encouraged to operate with concessions from the government of Uganda.
Another example is australia.Ecotourism and nature tourism accreditation provide industry, protected area managers, local communities and travellers with an assurance that an accredited product is backed by a commitment to best practice ecological sustainability, natural area management and the provision of quality ecotourism experiences. Developed in Australia, the Eco Certification Program is now being exported to the rest of the world as the International Ecotourism Standard. Successful completion of Eco Certification Program includes Membership of Ecotourism Australia.
limitation: It is a great challenge to making eco-tourism popular among Chinese tourists. This is partially caused by the fact that eco-tourism is still new to tourism practitioners in Hong Kong. However, to a significant degree it is implicated by Chinese traditional ways of viewing nature and wilderness. The general knowledge of the Chinese people about nature and wilderness is mostly gained from its cultural classics - poetry and paintings. Many Chinese people are familiar with many places and landscapes in China theoretically (through readings) even though they have never been to those places. They tend to appreciate nature and wilderness through images illustrated in literature and art rather than harsh physical experience.
To most Chinese tourists, Hangzhou’s picturesque man-made lake, Suzhou’s gardens, old capital cities and palaces, and sacred mountains are more attractive than the wild Gobi Desert, highlands of Tibet, and virgin forests of Xingan Mountains. Consequently, it is difficult to make eco-tourism popular among the Chinese tourists, because eco-tourism is nature based and harsh physical encounter with wilderness is an important component of eco-tourism experience (Beeton, 1998).
community based:
Community-based tourism affords travelers with rare opportunities to experience local communities first hand. It's distinctive in that it provides an alternative to development that's not sustainable, giving rural and poor communities an additional source of income. Community-based tourism is socially sustainable tourism which is initiated and almost always operated exclusively by local and indiginous people. Shared ledership emphasizing community well-being over individual profit, balances power within communities, and fosters traditional culture, conservation, and responsible stewardship of the land.
One example is
Namibia is called the Community Based Tourism Association but is commonly refereed to as NACOBTA. NACOBTA was formed in 1995 by local Namibian communities who wanted to develop tourism in their previously neglected rural areas.
NACOBTA is a non-profit organisation which strives to improve the living standards amongst the communities of rural Namibia, furthermore they strive to ensure that community based tourism enterprises are viable and to integrate community tourism into the Namibian tourism sector.
Visitors to Namibia who support these enterprises makes a crucial contribution to rural development in Namibia. It allows communities to take part in the tourism sector and to develop businesses, which will provide employment opportunities and generate income in the region where they live.
This in turn provides communities with another livelihood strategy and gives them more control and choice over their own development.
Another example is kenya.In Kenya, community-based enterprises (CBEs) are preferred. This paper evaluates CBE potential and challenges for poverty reduction in Kenya. Reviewing literature on Kenyan tourism development, it uses case studies of six Kenyan CBEs spread across Kenya's tourism-focused community-based initiatives selected using opportunistic and snowball sampling. The case studies used individual in-depth semi-structured interviews with community leaders, CBE managers, tourism academics, support organisations and government officials, and focus groups with community members. The paper develops a detailed understanding of the CBEs, identifying the catalyst for their establishment and the role and degree of external intervention. It explores critical success factors, the extent to which CBEs alleviate poverty, and factors making communities welcome CBEs (or not). The results emphasise the conservation orientation of CBEs, with support agencies preferring partnership approaches involving white investment which inadequately addresses community priorities. Through foreign resource control and heavy reliance on donor funding, CBEs promote neocolonialism and reinforce dependency. An urgent review of the support framework for community tourism development in Kenya integrating the principles of sustainable development is advocated.
limitations:It is an effective form of sustainable tourism when implemented appropriately.However, if certain parties fail to share in the ideals of community-based tourism,the environment and livelihood of others may be jeopardised.
As community-based tourism is conducted on a small scale,there is relatively less revenue for local communities to earn from tourist as compared to mass tourism.Tourists are likely to have used up most of their expenditure on air travel or on foreighn tour poeraters,since there is generally little opportunity for them to spend large amounts of money in the places they visit,therefore,only a smalll portion of a tourist's expenditure goes to the loval community,and this revenue may be insufficient to fun certain community -bae tourism projects.
businesses:
The tourism industry consists of many tourism-related busineses,such as hotells ,tour operators,transport sevices and retail shops.These stakeholders provide employment,generate revenue and act as frequent points of contact between the tourist and the destination.Therefore, their active involvement in making tourism sustainable is of great importance as well . For example,the International Tourism Partnership, a worldwide membership organisation for commercial businesses in the tourism sector provides practical guidelines for hotels to adopt.
Tourists:
1.Are you single - oh,yes
2.Are you happy - oh,maybe
3.Are you bored - .....YES!
4.Are you fair - for some parts of the body..likeXXXXXXX
5.Are you italian - ermm...do i look like 1?
Are you intelligent -well,of course
7.Are you good -i'm awesome
8.Are you honest -well,no.
9.Are you nice - yes,super nice~
10.Are you Irish - umm...
11.Are you Asian - then?
1.Full name - liu jia xuan
2.Nicknames - xuan,ham:/
3.Birth place - china
4.Hair Colour -dark brown
5.Natural hair style - like center part.....
6.Eye colour - dark brown
7.Birthday - 19/01/1993
8.Mood - emo-ing
9.Fav colour(s) - blue,hot pink,purple,yellow,white,blabla
10.One place you'd like to visit -korea!
10 things about my love life.
1.Have you ever been in love - uh..yes
2.Do you believe in love at first sight - yes.
3.Do you currently hav a crush - yes
4.Have you ever been hurt emotionally - ..yes
5.Have you ever broken someone's heart - how i knw..
6.Have you ever had your heart broken - yes..like now....
7.Have you ever liked someone without telling them- like now....
8.Are you afraid of commitment - ......................................
9.Who was the last person you hugged -uh...peihua?
10.Who was the last person you said ily to - ........stm
10 This Or Thats1.Love or lost -
1.Love or lost -none
2.Hard liquor or beer - beer
3.Cat or dog - both
4.A few best friends or alot of regular friends - a few bff
5.Creamy or crunchy - crunchy
6.Pencil or pen - pencil
7.Wild night out or romantic night out - romantic/wild........
8.Money or happiness - no money no happiness..
9.Night or Day - depends
10.IM or phone - phone
'HaveYouEvers'
1.Been caught sneaking out - yes
2.Seen a polar bear - of couse-.-
3.Done something you regret - a lot.like came to singapore?!
4.Bungee jumped - yes!it's awesome
5.Ate food that fell on the floor - :/yes...
6.Finish entire jawbreaker - ...........................
7.Been caught naked - yes...my mum caught me.....-.-
8.Wanted an ex gf/bf back - no!never.
9.Cried because you lost a pet - ..a lot of times edi.
10.Wanted to disappear - like NOW!
10 preferences in a partner.
1.Eyes or smile - small
2.Light or dark hair - depends
3.Kisses or hugs - depends
4.Shorter or taller - tallererrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr
5.Intelligent or attraction - both are required
6.Topman or Zara - ..........................
7.Funny or serious - funny
8.Older or Younger - older...like duh,,,,,,
9.Outgoing or quiet - outgoing..
10.Sweet or Bad -sweet.
'HaveYous'
1.performed in front of a large crowd - ..like a billion times..
2.ever talked on the phone for longer than an hour - like a million times
3.ever walked on hands - yes...
4.ever been to a rock concert - ermm...should be yes...
5.ever been in a cheerleading team - yea..once upon a time.......
6.ever been in a dance team - like since i was 5...............
7.ever been in a sports team - never....sports..:/
8.ever been in a drama play/production - ummm,yea..
9.ever owned a BMW/Mercedes Benz/Escalade/Hummer/Bently -no...
10.ever been in a rap video - how could i?
Lasts'
1.last phone call you made - jinming
2.Last person you hugged - peihua?
3.last person you hung out with - jinming
4.last time you worked - 2008
5.last person you talked to - wq
6.last person you IM'd - ...............
7.last person you texted -wq
8.last person you went to a movie with -wq..
9.last person you missed - ....i know can edi..
10.last website visited - like blogger......
o1.Besides your lips , where is the favourite spot to get kissed ?- cheek
o2. How did you feel when you woke up this morning ?- chaotic
03. Who was the last person / people you took a photo with ?- stm...
o4. Would you consider yourself spoiled ?- yea..in a certain way..
o5. Will you ever donate blood ?- yes..i wish.when i'm 18
o6. Have you ever had a best friend who was of the opposite sex ?- yea...
o7. Do you want someone to be dead ?- yes! alot..
o8. What does your last text message say ?- chinese chinese#%^&*&^%$#$%
o9. What are you thinking right now ?- sa1&wth so many qns....
1o. Do you want someone to be with you right now ?- yea......
11. What was the time you went to bed last night ?- 00:12sth..
12.Where did you buy the tee you are wearing now ?- school....-.-
13. Is someone on your mind right now ?- yea......
14. Who was the last person(s) who text you ?- wq
Ten Lucky Person to do this quiz ;
1)jinming
2)huiqing
3)peihua
4)xueyi
5)yiying
6)wq..and he don't even blog....
7)zengjia
8)vivian
9) xiaoyu
10) heather..
15. Who is 2 having a relationship with ? huiqing
-oh ,me~
16. Is 3 a male or a female ?peihua
-she is a male.
17.If 7 and 10 get together , would it be a good thing ?zengjia+heather
-ermm..can la..but....kinda weird.
18. What is 1 studying about ? jinming
-ermm,the book titled"jiaxuan"
19. When was the last time you chatted with 2. huiqing
-few hours ago
2o. Is 8 single ? vivian
-sad to say,no.
21. Say something about 2. huiqing
-wo hen ai ta~
22. What do you think about 3 & 6 being together ? peihua+wq:/
-oh,w0w..congrats ..
23. Describe 9 . xiaoyu
-ermmmermmermmermmermm
24. What will you do if 6 n 7 fight ? wq +zengjia
-join them.and fight together,
25 Do you like 8 ? vivian.
-oh yes!
标签： finally i'm done..
Write the names of 21 friends you can think off the top of your head, and then answer the questions. Say you’re guessing if you don’t know, but at least guess on all of them. After doing this, tag your 21 friends to do the same..
1.jinming
2.wangqiong
3.huiqing
4.xueyi
5.xiaoyu
6.heather
7.peihua
8.yurou
9.dazhuang
10.geraldine
11.xiaotong
12.zihao
13.zengjia
14.pompom....-.-
15.justin
16.edward
17.valerie
18.ruixin
19.cc
20.zhuyuting
21.feng
How did you meet 7?peihua
`sec 1 camp~
What would you do if you and 15 had never met?justin
`i'm very ok with it..i'm like not even close to him?-.-
What would you do if 20 and 1 dated?zhuyuting,jinming
`wow!good..the two very bestfriends in my life!
Have you ever seen 17 cry? valerie
`ermmm..nope!
Would 4 and 16 make a good couple?xueyi,edward
`erm.better not..some1 will jealous lah!
Do you think 11 is attractive? xiaotong
`erm,yes.
What’s 2’s favorite color?wangqiong
`臭豆腐~and many more loh!lol..
When was the last time you talked to 9?dazhuang
`.2weeks ago ..i think..
What language does 8 speak?yurou
`english,chinese
Who is 13 going out with? zengjia
`all the lao ren jia...
What grade is 16 in? edward
`don't know and i don't think i care lah~
Would you ever date 17?valerie
`nope...xy will be mad lah~
Where does 18 live? ruixin
`somewhere in singapore
What is the best thing about 4?xueyi
`i love her lotsss
What would you like to tell 10 right now? geraldine
`uhhuh..ermm,,..yea..ok..you know..yea..that's it..
What is the best thing about 20? zhuyuting
`she is pretty~
Have you ever kissed 2? wangqiong
`um..a bit sensitive.but no.
What’s the best memory you have of 5? xiaoyu
`he helped me to pick up my dearest phone twice.....-.-
When’s the next time you’re going to see 4? xueyi
`soon!
How is 7 different from 8?peihua,yurou
` they have totally different character......
Is 2 pretty? wangqiong
`um..seriously,YES!..i am jeajous him lah!
What is your first impression of 15? justin
`um...sensitive qn!
How did you meet 3? huiqing
`sec1 camp!
Is 15 your best friend?justin
`nonononono!.....
Do you hate 12?zihao
`yes!
Have you seen 18 in the last month? ruixin
`should be yes..:D
When was the last time you saw 16? edward
`forgot...
Have you been to 5’s house? xiaoyu
`nope..but i would like to go~公寓嘞~
When’s the next time you’ll see 10?geraldine
`uh...2days later.
Are you close to 11?xiaotong
`quite
Have you been to the movies with 4? xueyi
`YES!of course!
Have you gotten in trouble with 8?yurou
`noo ba~
Would you give 19 a hug? cc
`YES!but seems impossible!
When have you lied to 3? huiqing
`umm..yes...
Is 11 good at socializing? xiaotong
`yes~
Do you know a secret about 8? yurou
`i think i know some..
Describe the relationship between 12 and 18? zihao,ruixin
`omg!it's impossible..but if yes....i hate you ruixin...lol..
What’s the best thing about your friendship with 9?dazhuang
`erm...........................................................................
What’s the worst thing about 6? heather
`she's having too much water in her....
Have you ever had a crush on 12? zihao
`yes..(but we're impossible to get tgt la..)
How long have you known 1? jinming.
`2years and 3 months....still counting.
Does 11 have a bf/gf? xiaotong
`umm..i don't know.
Have you ever wanted to punch 1 in the face? jinming
`YES,when she keep looking at the mirror...and do her hair till 12 - 15 mins!
Has 21 met your mother?feng
`nonononono...
How did you meet 11?xiaotong
`sec 1 camp
Did you ever accidentally physically hurt 3? huiqing
`haha!yes!
Do you live close to 7? peihua
`once.
What is 8’s favorite food? yurou
`everything that is edible.
What kind of car does 1 have? jinming
`basically..till now....toy cars...
Have you traveled anywhere with 9?dazhuang
`so far...bugis..haha!
If you gave 14 $100, what would they spend it on? pompom
`i don't know.....
it's kinda boring but...very long never post ald........haha!
标签： .....毕竟是我爱的人，我又能怪你什么？
